GENDER EQUALITY IN MOLDOVA: TRENDS, DRIVERS OF CHANGE AND EMERGING CHALLENGES

Abstract

This article explores recent developments and key factors influencing gender equity in Moldova from 2015 to 2024, set against a backdrop of institutional reforms, international pressures, and internal cultural resistance. Based on data analysis from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES), conducted in 2015 and 2024, the author offers a comprehensive overview of the dynamics of gender relations, starting with the theoretical distinction between equality and equity and employing an intersectional sociological approach. Using a multi-theoretical framework, comprising gender role theory, family decision-making theory, social change theory, and institutional theory, the article highlights substantial progress in strengthening the legislative framework, promoting female leadership, and enhancing the flexibility of family policies in Moldova. The analysis examines the interconnectedness of cultural norms, institutional processes, and civil society initiatives, exploring both the advances made and the ongoing systemic resistances. The findings show positive progress in gender equity but also reveal ongoing structural challenges: deeply rooted gender stereotypes and economic inequalities. They also offer opportunities for developing evidence-based programmes on gender equality and guidelines for designing public awareness campaigns.